Types of hearing loss

What are the main types of hearing loss?

The main types of hearing loss are differentiated based on which part of the ear is damaged:

• Sensorineural hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or hearing nerve. This prevents the damaged area from properly transmitting sound to the brain.
• Conductive hearing loss is caused by damage in the external and/or middle ear and, in most cases, it is medically treatable.
• Mixed hearing loss - In some cases, both aspects of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss are present; this is referred to as mixed hearing loss.

Degree of hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss (or sensorineural deafness) is the most common type of hearing loss. When experiencing sensorineural hearing loss, sounds may be unclear or difficult to hear. Voices in conversation may be distorted, and it may seem like others are mumbling.

Causes of sensorineural hearing loss

• The natural aging process (age-related hearing loss / presbycusis)
• Excessive exposure to noise (noise-induced hearing loss).

Treating sensorineural hearing loss
This type of hearing loss is often treated with hearing aids.

Sensorineural hearing loss

Other types of hearing loss

There are other ways to describe hearing loss types. For example:

– High or low-frequency: Indicates whether you are unable to hear high or low-pitched sounds (i.e. high frequency hearing loss means you cannot hear high-pitched sounds)
Learn more about high frequency hearing loss 
Learn more about low frequency hearing loss 

– Cookie bite hearing loss: Less common than high frequency or low frequency hearing loss, cookie bite hearing loss describes when you can’t hear mid-frequency sounds, such as voices.
Learn more about cookie bite hearing loss 

– Unilateral or bilateral: Indicates whether one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) ears are affected by hearing loss
Find out more about bilateral hearing loss
Find out more about unilateral hearing loss

– Progressive or sudden hearing loss: Indicates whether the hearing loss happens quickly or gradually over time

– Acquired or congenital: Indicates whether your hearing was present at birth or acquired at a later stage in life